Instruction and laboratory work dealing with the applications of Biology at the level of biological molecules, the cell and organisms.

Ecology and evolution of selected plants, animals, and additional organisms. Topics include ecosystems and ecological interactions, and adaptations in the context of the organisms' environment. Note: Students intending to major in Biology must take BIOL 1017 and BIOL 1205. Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL 1012 or BIOL 1105.

An introduction to the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of marine environments. Marine management issues and laws will be discussed.

Considers the chemistry of life, maintenance of cells and organisms, energy utilization, genetic information, reproductive continuity and mechanisms of evolution. This course is designed for science students or other students planning to major in Biology. 

Introduction to issues in environmental biology, including ecosystem health, sustainable development, environmental law, multi-stakeholder decision-making, etc. The course will use a case study method to examine local and global effects of human activity on the earth’s ecology and human society, focusing on environmental concerns of coastal regions.

Basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on the normal condition. Note: Credit cannot be counted for for both BIOL 1411 and BIOL 1441. This course cannot count for credit towards the BN program.  

A continuation of BIOL 1411, basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on the normal condition. Note: Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL 1412 and BIOL 1442. This course cannot count for credit towards the BN program.  

Basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on the normal condition. This course includes a selection of appropriate laboratory exercises. For Nursing students only. Note: Students counting credit for BIOL 1441 cannot count credit for both BIOL 1411 and/or BIOL 1431.  

Continuation of BIOL 1441 , basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on the normal condition. This course includes a selection of appropriate laboratory exercises. For Nursing students only. Note: Students counting credit BIOL 1442 cannot count credit for BIOL 1412 and/or BIOL 1432.  

History of genetics, Mendelian genetics, chromosome theory of inheritance, sex determination and linkage, extensions of Mendelian analysis, genetic linkage, crossing-over, genetic mapping, extranuclear genetics, quantitative and population genetics.

Protein structure and function, techniques for protein analysis, examples of important proteins, mechanisms and regulations of enzymatic activity, metabolism (basic concepts and design, followed by the study of a few pathways). 

Introduces botanical principles and processes. Includes basic anatomy and morphology on a range of scales: cellular structure and processes, tissues, organs, and their functions.

Introduces botanical principles and processes. Includes basic anatomy and morphology on a range of scales: cellular structure and processes, tissues, organs and their functions. Students are required to attend weekly laboratory/tutorial sessions, but will not write laboratory exams or assignments. This course is not equivalent to BIOL 2125 for credit towards the BSc program, but serves as an acceptable prerequisite for BIOL 3275, BIOL 3353, or BIOL 3541 in place of BIOL 2125. Note: Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL 2135 and BIOL 2125. 

Studies cellular structure , DNA synthesis and repair, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, gene regulation, cancer, immune response, and molecular techniques.

This course will cover the major groups of microbes, with a focus on microbes involved in human health and disease. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods will be discussed with emphasis on microbial metabolism, growth, structure and function; roles in medicine and industry; microbial interactions; microbial control measures; microbial diseases; and immunological responses to infection. Laboratories will stress aseptic techniques for cultivation, staining, and characterization of bacteria and experimental concepts of the discipline. 

Introduces concepts of ecology common to terrestrial, fresh water and marine ecosystems. Provides a basis for further ecological or environmental studies. Introduces man’s influence on ecosystems. 

Classification, functional morphology, development and evolution of the major animal groups.

A review of the normal physiological mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. This is followed by a consideration of how various perturbations (such as environmental or lifestyle factors) and disease can disrupt the normal balance and lead to pathology. For Nursing students only, or by permission of the instructor.

A continuation of BIOL 2831.

This course will introduce students to the history, concepts, principles, planning and management of wildlife tourism enterprises and how research is conducted to determine if these activities have a negative impact on the behaviour and/or physiology of the wildlife involved.

Traces the development of a body of theory explaining biological unity and diversity, from pre-Darwinian ideas to current issues in evolutionary biology. The course integrates theoretical, descriptive, and empirical studies to elucidate the patterns and processes of evolution (what evolution is, and how it occurs), and to explore the experimental and analytical methods biologists use to study evolution.

A physiological approach to organismic function in animals, focusing on homeostasis and nervous, muscular, and cardiovascular systems.

This course introduces the discipline of decision science, which is an interdisciplinary field that uses quantitative data from various sources to make the best decisions. The course applies this tecnique to a coastal management and planning context. It will include biological, economic, political, and cultural aspects of coastal management.

Emphasizes the molecular underpinnings of the healthy and diseased states by extending and integrating essential molecular concepts introduced in Introductory Biochemistry, BIOL 2065.

Gives academically strong Biology Majors an opportunity to write a research report or perform a research project on a subject of interest. The student must discuss the topic with an instructor best qualified to give approval in the subject area and who is able to give guidance during the year.

An introduction to the interrelationships between organisms and environment in marine ecosystems. Limited enrolment: preference will be given to Applied Coastal Ecology Majors and Marine Biology Majors, then other students based on CGPA.

Brief description of the general characteristics of seaweeds: diversity, classification/systematics and evolution. Ecology, physiology, and biochemistry of seaweeds: their environment and zonation; major physical and chemical parameters; biological parameters; human parameters. Aquaculture and uses of seaweeds in highly diversified industries, world market and trends. Note: This course is designated as having marine content.   

This course will provide students with a chemical basis for understanding the natural environment and current environmental issues. Topics will include: the composition of the natural environment, the chemistry supporting environmental processes, and the main reactions of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the atmosphere, water, and soils. Note: This course may be listed as either BIOL 3245 or CHEM 3245. Credit can not be counted for both BIOL 3245 and CHEM 3245.

Introduction to the fundamental concepts of infectious disease microbiology. Discusses bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods. For Nursing students only, or by permission of the Instructor.

Considers the range of ways in which plants are used by humans for food, medicine, shelter, etc. Discusses the impact of plants on humans and vice versa, including the possible origins and impacts of agriculture, importance of plants in various cultures, and selection of desirable plant features by humans. Students will research an area of particular interest and present a seminar on it.

A practical taxonomy course dealing with a range of vascular plants: ferns, fern allies, gymnosperms and flowering plants; consideration of taxonomic concepts, literature and methods used to identify various groups. Laboratory emphasis will be on features of important plant families and identification of students’ plant collections.

This course will explore topics of special interest to aquaculturists at an advanced level. The title of the topic will be specified by the Department. The title of the topic will appear on the student's transcript. Open only to students in third year and above. Note: This course is designated as having marine content.   

This course will explore topics of special interest at an advanced level. Topics will be specified by the Department. Title of topic will appear on the student transcripts. Open only to students in third year and above. 

This course will explore topics of special interest at an advanced level. Topics will be specified by the Department. Title of topic will appear on the student transcripts. Open only to students in third year and above. 

This course is an in-depth introduction into original research and experiential learning. Students will design and implement a research project involving isolation of microbes, molecular identification of cultures, fermentation and extraction of biologically active compounds. Compounds will be assessed through bioassay-directed fractionation and biological activity determined through quantitative procedures. This course will include: experimental design, acquisition of new laboratory skills, statistical analysis and scientific writing.

This course will examine the chemistry, function, biosynthesis and metabolism of primary metabolites. Classes of compounds covered will include carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. Note: This course may be listed as either BIOL 3435 or CHEM 3435. Credit cannot be countedfor both BIOL 3435 and CHEM 3435.

Individuals move for many reasons throughout their life cycle, e.g., to search for a good place to live, to escape predation, to gain access to food, or to find a mate. This course will cover the patterns, causes, and consequences of different types of movement, with an emphasis on dispersal and migration. We will consider questions such as: is selection for movement strategies different across different environments? What role will movement play in an increasingly fragmented and changing world? Reading and discussing primary literature will be a key component of this course.

A course on the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of plants, how patterns and structure at the levels of populations and communities can be described quantitatively, and how these arise from the interaction of abiotic (climate, fire, soil) and biotic (competition, herbivory) factors.

Even before the completion of the Human Genome Sequencing Project biomedical databases have stored massive amounts of DNA and protein sequence information that have been analyzed and reused in biomedical studies. Today the underlying technologies and analytical tools supporting genomic data analysis make up the field known as Bioinformatics. This course will introduce core topics and tools in genomics and bioinformatics explained from a practical perspective. Students taking this course will receive hands-on training in many of the following areas of study: Genome Sequencing techniques, Gene Prediction, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Databases, Genome and Protein Structure Annotation, Bioinformatic Visualization Techniques, Gene Ontology, Analysis of Scientific Literature, Biomedical Text Mining, Workflow Management Systems, Bioinformatics Web Services.

This course teaches students about cutting edge, controversial and current topics in Conservation Biology. We will focus on big-picture, global-scale topics such as climate change, habitat loss, and the biodiversity crisis. Case studies span marine, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and explore human dimensions to conservation such as management, sustainability and stewardship. There will be a particular emphasis on coastal and marine issues because of the local importance of those issues. Labs in this course will introduce students to open-source conservation datasets, how they are used in conservation biology, and how to conduct basic analyses of these data in R. 

This course introduces GIS (Geographic Information System) with the ArcGIS suite which is the industry standard for mapping and spatial data analysis. Students will use GIS to analyze real publicly available data and generate spatial analyses. Students will learn to communicate results in publication quality maps and graphics. Examples will center around applied ecological management of coastal systems.

Explores the structure and functions of major marine invertebrate phyla, emphasizing comparative and organismic approaches, respectively. Topics covered include food capture and digestion, defense mechanisms, respiration, circulation, excretion, skeletal support, reproduction and life cycles, as well as locomotion.

A physiological approach to organismic function in animals, focusing on endocrine and temperature effects on homeostasis; osmoregulation; and the respiratory and urinary systems.

This course aims to give students an understanding of the science supporting the management of marine fisheries. Topics include the history of fisheries and fisheries science, ocean production, structure and dynamics of exploited populations, life history analysis, fisheries data and models, stock assessment, environmental and social impacts, and fisheries management. Topics will be covered through lecture, computer-based lab exercises and a critical lecture review exercise.

Ecology is the interactions of organisms with each other and their environment. Managers at various levels of government must balance diverse stakeholders and interests to serve economic, cultural, and conservation domains. This course will explore coastal ecology, the management of coastal systems and will use case studies from around the world to teach the concepts.

This course will provide a general overview of the different concepts that surround environmental law. Recent events have focused our attention on the fragility of the environment, and there is evidence of its deterioration in the forms of harmful pollution, resource depletion, thinning of the earth’s ozone layer, global warming, ground water contamination and the decline or even extinction of species. We will look at the legislation, the common law, and the different remedies they provide in cases of environmental crisis. Note: Students counting credit for BIOL 3665 cannot count credit for ENVE 3665 and/or ENVT 3665.

An overview of animal communication and its biological significance, with emphasis on vocal communication. The course will discuss various systems of communication in terms of production, perception, and the conveyance of vital information, with reference and comparison to human communication where applicable. The ways in which communication systems are shaped by - and in some cases contribute to - evolutionary processes will also be discussed.

A comparative account, principally of the physiology and functional anatomy of the higher vertebrates.

A study of the anatomy, physiology, and classification of recent fishes. In classification and geographical distribution, emphasis is placed on the marine northwest Atlantic fishes and freshwater fishes of New Brunswick. Limited enrolment: preference will be given to Applied Coastal Ecology Majors and Marine Biology Majors, then other students based on C.G.P.A. Note: This course is designated as having marine content. 

A course about the patterns and processes of physiological adaptation to the marine environment among vertebrates. Emphasis will be placed on diving physiology, respiratory physiology and coping with environmental hypoxia, osmoregulation physiology and coping with excess salt; consequences of heat exchange in cold and hot marine habitats; and the challenges of living in the deep-sea.

Applied ecology uses fundamental principles of ecological theory to help solve some of the most important environmental problems facing the world today. This course will examine natural processes involved in maintaining ecosystems and how they are applied to solve ecological issues. This course will include an intensive five-day series of field activities in Fundy National Park, starting the week before the Fall Term. NOTE: Limited enrolment.  

This introductory course aims to provide students with a basic understanding of pathophysiology. Topics include the mechanisms of inflammation and cellular injury, and the pathophysiology of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory and endocrine systems. For non-Nursing students only. Note: Students counting credit for BIOL 3853 cannot count credit for BIOL 2831 and/or BIOL 2852.

Students will be studying the behaviour and ecology of tropical marine flora and fauna in Bimini, Bahamas. The emphasis will be on marine vertebrate species and their surrounding environment. The impact of tourism on this flora and fauna will also be a focus of this course.

This course introduces students to the diversity and systematics of marine organisms in the Bay of Fundy, including major taxonomic divisions of mammals, fish, algae, and invertebrates. The course emphasizes variation in assemblages of organisms inhabiting different types of habitats, such as estuaries, marine benthos and pelagos, as well as rocky and soft-sediment intertidal shores. Students will be exposed to this diversity by learning about a number of methods commonly used to sample and quantify the abundance of marine organisms, such as transects and quadrats, mark-recapture experiments, beach seine, minnow traps, dip nets, bottom trawls, gillnets as well as shipboard techniques. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester. 

This course introduces students to a myriad of adaptations of marine organisms living in the Bay of Fundy. Topics covered will vary from year to year. Students will learn about major ecological factors affecting the distribution and abundance of marine organisms, and they will study select biochemical, physiological, morphological, behavioural and life-history adaptations displayed by these organisms in response to these selective agents. Students will also investigate variation of these adaptive traits in relation to temporal and spatial variability in the characteristics of marine habitats. This knowledge will largely be acquired through short-term lab and field observations and exercises, which will be supported by lectures, directed readings and group discussions. Many exercises will rely on the scientific approach to test competing hypotheses pertaining to the functional significance of selected features displayed by marine organisms. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester.

This course reviews the history and evolution of marine aquaculture practices. Topics covered will vary from year to year, but may include: plant and animal species being cultivated in the world; different types of aquaculture systems and their sustainability; site and practice selection and management; aquaculture and environment impacts: what is acceptable; assimilative capacity and resilience of ecosystems; social, economic and regulatory aspects of aquaculture; aquaculture in broader integrated coastal zone management perspective; integrated multitrophic aquaculture and offshore aquaculture; differentiation and diversification of products, world markets and consumer trends. To connect the theory in the classroom to the experience in the field, visits of hatcheries, aquaculture sites, as well as processing and manufacturing facilities will be conducted. Different components of the course will be delivered by experts from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the New Brunswick Department of Agriculture and Aquaculture, aquaculture professional associations, the aquaculture industry, feed companies and consultants. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester, and has no prerequisites.

This course teaches students the fundamentals of the scientific method, and gives them the opportunity to conduct a small research project in marine sciences under the supervision and guidance from practicing scientists. Topics covered include: hypotheses and predictions; experimental and comparative approaches; variation, replication, pseudo-replication and sampling; calibration, accuracy and precision; experimental designs and their relation to statistics; scientific writing. Students will first work through a small question with instructors to put into practice concepts discussed in class, and they will then work on their own project throughout the better part of the semester to further hone their research skills. Students will choose the topic of their project and establish its design in consultation with instructors and via group discussions with classmates. Projects will be designed to take advantage of local marine organisms and habitats. Students will collect, analyze, interpret and write-up their results following the format of a scientific paper, and they will present them to the class at the end of the semester. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester.

This is a seminar course to acquaint students with some topical issues and recent developments in marine sciences, and provide them with an opportunity to critically evaluate and discuss scientific work. The course will consist of research seminars given by university and government scientists, as well as assigned readings and group discussions that will be associated with each presentation. Topics and guest speakers will vary from year to year, but all seminars will be based on marine organisms, habitats, and/or topical issues, both theoretical and practical. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester.

This course introduces students to a sub-discipline of oceanography that emphasizes the relationships between marine biological and ocean environmental systems. The course will introduce the ecology of planktonic organisms responsible for global ocean carbon cycling, and explain the major dynamical relationships among plankton ecology, population biology and the ocean environment (e.g., critical depth theory, biological pump theory). Applied mathematics is emphasized in these discussions and in the class and lab assignments. In the computer laboratories, students will learn the fundamentals of ocean ecosystem modeling in the R computer language. Note: This course is designated as having marine content. 

This course introduces students to intertidal ecology. Topics covered will vary from year to year, but may include the origin, evolution, and diversity of seaweeds and intertidal invertebrates and their significant roles and services in coastal ecosystems. Students will learn through short-term lab and field observations and exercises, which will be supported by lectures, directed readings, and group discussions. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester and is designated as having marine content. 

This course introduces students to the discipline of foraging ecology in the ocean. Topics covered may include predator-prey relationships, ocean productivity dynamics, top predator (mammal, bird and shark) foraging ecology, and marine feeding habitats. Students will participate in lab and field observations and exercises, lectures, readings, and group discussions. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester and is designated as having marine content.

Gives academically strong Biology, Biology-Psychology, and Marine Biology Majors, under the supervision of a full-time faculty member, an opportunity to undertake a thesis project with permission of the Department. Students who intend to apply for this course are advised to consult with their intended supervisory faculty member at the beginning of their third year.

A lecture/seminar course to acquaint students with some of the outstanding recent developments in various fields. Restricted to students majoring in Biology or Marine Biology. 

Molecular biology plays an important role in ecology. This course will introduce concepts and applications in molecular evolution, population genetics, quantitative genetics and ecological genomics. Topics will include gene expression, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Students will become familiar with various molecular methodologies, data analysis, and result interpretation that can be used to study ecology, adaptation, and contemporary evolution. This course will appeal to those students interested in the natural sciences, as well as the medical sciences. 

The biology of seaducks, seabirds, and shorebirds. This course will cover aspects of life history, anatomy, physiology, behaviour, and conservation of marine birds with an emphasis placed on North Atlantic species.

An examination of tropical coastal ecosystems. The course will focus on the ecology of coral reefs, tropical fish ecology and physiology, tropical seaweed biology and mangrove ecology. The course consists of lectures, fieldwork and laboratory work.

Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources and this course will expose students to the strategies and techniques employed in the natural product drug discovery process. This course follows BIOL 3385 Advanced Microbiology, where students continue to experience isolation of microbes from plant and animal host tissues and determine the potential existence of bioactive natural products. Techniques include: aseptic technique, microbial culture maintenance and storage, fermentation, liquid-liquid partition, bioassay-directed fractionation, NMR and PCR determination of chemical structures and microbial identity respectively.

This course will examine the biosynthesis, biological activity and ecological significance of secondary metabolites. The following topics will include: the links between primary and secondary metabolic pathways; an overview of the mechanisms, chemistry and coenzymes involved in the biosynthesis of natural products; the acetate pathway; the Shikimate pathway; the mevalonate and methyl erythritol phosphate pathways; the alkaloids and chemical ecology. Note: This course may be listed as either BIOL 4435 or CHEM 4435. Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL 4435 and CHEM 4435.

Explores the relationship between animal behaviour, ecology and evolution. Theoretical concepts covered include the economics of animal decision making, predator-prey relationships, competition, fighting and assessment, sexual conflict and sexual selection, parental care and mating systems, alternative breeding strategies, altruism and co-operation. Whenever possible marine organisms, and particularly invertebrates, will be used to illustrate theoretical concepts.

The biology of seals, whales, and sea-cows. Life histories, behaviour, reproduction, and population estimation techniques will receive special emphasis. The biological, economic, and moral aspects of man’s direct and indirect influence on, and utilization of marine mammals will be discussed.

This course will introduce students to advanced studies in elasmobranch biology and ecology with an emphasis on sharks, in particular sharks of the Northern Hemisphere. Topics will include current techniques in shark research, global conservation measures, Canadian Shark Management Plans, shark diving industry, shark fishing, and in-depth studies on shark physiology. Note: This course is designated as having marine content. 

A theoretical and applied approach to the science of ecotoxicology, including application of the tools and procedures used to understand toxicant fate and effects in ecosystems. Both field (e.g. Community level environmental “effects” monitoring) and laboratory (e.g. LC50 tests) methods for understanding contaminant fates and effects will be examined.

Students are introduced to a hands-on approach to analyzing data using R. Topics will include: fundamental statistical concepts such as visualizing data, parameter estimation, p-value interpretation, effect size, model assumptions and model selection, as well as specific tests including t-test, general linear models (including ANOVA and linear regression), generalized linear models, and multivariate techniques.  

This course examines several of the main environmental issues of concern in the region, in Canada and around the globe such as impacts of natural resource development (e.g., oil and gas, forestry, mining), climate change, and water use and its pollution on the environment and on humans. It covers emerging options with green energy and sustainable development, and provides students with an in-depth understanding of the links between human activities and environmental health.

A techniques course, in which students will have practical experience in sampling and analytical techniques, including: water, air and soil sampling; plant and animal sampling in field and lab; and chemical analyses of tissues and water, air and soil. Appropriate study design and statistical analyses of collected data will be emphasized.

Physiological bases of behaviour, the animal in relation to its environment, the animal in its social context, and the evolution of behavioural displays and activities. Emphasizes the adaptive significance of behavioural activities (ethology) rather than experimental psychology.

This course teaches ecological modelling in a coastal setting. Students will use the Python and R languages as well as GIS to model populations of organisms in response to fishing, development, climate change, and natural variability.

This course will teach the students to work as a team to create a coastal management plan. Students will be arranged in small teams with complementary skill sets and interests. Students will create a multi-year management plan for a coastal ecosystem (e.g. Bay of Fundy). Preparing the management plan will require students to understand concepts from multiple disciplines including ecological modelling, economics, social science, and environmental law. Various stakeholders will be invited to present lectures. The completed management plan will be presented orally for the final exam. Note: This course is only open to students in the Applied Coastal Ecology major.

Basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on the normal condition. This course includes a selection of appropriate laboratory exercises using non-cadaver visualization tools. Note: Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL1431 and BIOL1441. This course cannot count for credit towards the BN program.   

Continuation of BIOL 1431, basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on the normal condition. This course includes a selection of appropriate laboratory exercises using non-cadaver visualization tools. Note: Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL1432 and BIOL1442. This course cannot count for credit towards the BN program.   

Introduction to the fundamental concepts of infectious disease microbiology. Discusses bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Note: Students counting credit for BIOL 2385 cannot count credit for BIOL 2485 and/or BIOL 3251.

lThis course introduces students to the ecology of the intertidal zone with a focus on benthic invertebrates. Students will gain experience with techniques for quantification and identification of intertidal organisms. The course involves field and lab exercises, with supplementary lectures. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester and is designated as having marine content. 

This course will provide a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular physiology, followed by examining alterations of cardiovascular function in various diseases on a basic and clinical level. Topics of interest include vascular disorders, cardiomyopathies, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, and circulatory failure.  Note: Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL 3106 and HEAL 3106. 

This course will cover fundamental physiological principles of cell biology including volume and pH regulation, solute transport, membrane potential, and metabolism. Lectures will also explore evolutionary adaptations in cell physiology as well as the role of cellular physiology in disease states. 

This course is a field, lab, and literature-based study of the population ecology of American lobster. It will introduce students to the species’ four main life stages (embryos, larvae, juveniles, adults), and it will explore some of the more important biotic and abiotic factors that affect them, particularly in relation to demographic trends (over time) and patterns (over space). The course will also give students first-hand experience with different methods that are used to study lobster life history and demography. American lobster is used as a “case study”; course material and activities are relevant to the study of population ecology in general, particularly that of marine species with bi-phasic (benthic and pelagic) life cycles. An overarching goal of the course is to help students develop quantitative and critical thinking skills. Note: This course is offered exclusively in the Marine Semester and is designated as having marine content.