Zero emission energy spotlight (nuclear)

Nuclear energy is generally considered non-renewable energy, but it has been included in this module because roughly one third of New Brunswick’s electricity generation is from nuclear energy, and nuclear energy produces virtually zero GHG emissions.

Nuclear energy is derived from the nucleus, or core, of atoms, which consists of protons and neutrons. This energy can be generated in two ways: fission, where atomic nuclei split into smaller parts, and fusion, where nuclei combine.

Understanding nuclear energy

Currently, the nuclear energy used globally to produce electricity comes from nuclear fission. Meanwhile, the technology to generate electricity from fusion is still in the research and development phase.

Benefits of nuclear energy

Produces zero GHG emissions: Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear reactors do not emit carbon dioxide during operation, which contributes to reducing the overall carbon footprint of the energy sector.
Cost-effective operation: The cost of fuel (uranium) is low, and because the plants can operate for extended periods without refueling, they provide a stable and continuous source of energy.
Economic growth: Nuclear energy employs thousands of people across New Brunswick in a variety of fields.

Challenges of nuclear energy

High initial costs: Building a nuclear power plant requires a significant upfront investment. The construction of these plants is expensive due to the complex technology, extensive safety systems, and the regulatory requirements.
Waste management: Nuclear reactors produce spent fuel and other radioactive materials that remain hazardous for thousands of years. Safe and secure disposal of this radioactive waste is a complex and costly process. Long-term storage solutions, such as deep geological repositories, are necessary, but they require careful planning, public acceptance, and ongoing management to prevent environmental contamination.
Safety concerns: The safety of nuclear power plants is a major public concern. While modern reactors are designed with multiple safety features, the potential for catastrophic events continues to raise fears about the safety of nuclear energy. Accidents, though rare, can have devastating consequences, including radiation release, long-term environmental damage, and human health risks.

Nuclear energy in New Brunswick

NB Power operates the Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station which is located on the shores of the Bay of Fundy, approximately 40 km southwest of Saint John, New Brunswick.

Point Lepreau was commissioned in 1983 and is a 660-megawatt (net) nuclear generating station. It is a major component of NB Power’s generating assets and contributes approximately 80% of the electricity used in New Brunswick.