Investigate the most basic unit of life: the cell.  Topics include the structure and function of biological membranes, the endomembrane system, mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cytoskeleton, cell cycle regulation, cell signaling, as well as links between cell signaling, protein targeting, and gene expression. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are examined. Credit cannot be counted for both BIOL 3043 and BIOL 2043. NOTE: BIOL 2023 recommended.