Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering

Barometric and trigonometric heighting. Precise levelling. Mechanical distance measurements. Electronic angle and distance measurement, total stations, and reflectorless EDM. Coordinate transformations and positioning by trigonometric sections. Route and construction surveys. Geodetic control surveys: from triangulation to GPS. Digital terrain models. Contouring. Practical use of GPS. Introduction to the design of surveys and specifications. Related issues of occupational health and safety.

Two weeks of practical exercises following spring examinations. Management of occupational health safety issues. 

Introduction to computer-based systems and processes for creating, managing, analyzing and visualizing spatial information. Introduction to geographic information systems (GIS), spatial data structures and 2-dimensional spatial transformations. Comparative overview of alternative spatial data collection technologies. Systems-based approaches to desktop mapping, cartographic production and map analysis. Basic properties and applications of common map projections. 

Introduction to the principles of cadastral systems and survey law with a focus on Canadian jurisdictions. Includes basic land administration concepts, management of land tenure, systems for land registration and survey, and legal aspects of cadastral surveying. An extensive reading list supplements the lecture material, along with practical exercises reinforcing the course topics and building communication and analytical skills.

Specifications for surveys. Systematic and random errors, design, processing and analysis of angle, distance, and height difference measurements. Star observations. Issues of occupational health and safety. 

Two weeks of practical exercises following spring examinations. Management of occupational health and safety. 

Principles of space geodesy. The celestial sphere, its coordinate systems, and variations in coordinate systems. Time keeping. Satellite based positioning systems, especially the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) including observations, development of mathematical models, static and dynamic positioning, error analysis, software structure, and processing considerations. Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS positioning.

Calculus of variations; quadratic forms; least-squares principles; least-squares method, weight matrix, variance factor; parametric, condition and combined adjustment. 

Quality control, uni- and multivariate statistical testing; approximation, prediction, filtering in observation and frequency domains; constraint functions; weighted parameters; nuisance parameters; sequential adjustment; Kalman filtering.

Introduction to the subject of geodesy; kinematics, gravity field, and size and shape of the Earth; temporal deformations of the Earth. Geodetic control in Canada. History of geodesy. Geodetic heighting. 

Overview and physical basis of remote sensing. Space- and air-borne sensor systems, active and passive sensors. Fundamental geometry of photogrammetry. Image statistics. Rectification of digital imagery. Image enhancement, spectral and spatial filtering. Multi-spectral transformations. Thematic information extraction, classification and accuracy assessment, change detection. Credit will be given for only one of GGE 3342 or GGE 5342. 

Introduction to hydrography: geomatics aspects, trends and prospects, role in offshore management. Depth determination: seabed and seawater properties, non-acoustic methods, underwater acoustics, vertical and oblique incidence methods, bathymetric and imaging methods. 

Introduction to GIS technology; Application of GIS; understanding the nature of geographic data, from geographic data to geographic information (GI), Information Systems (IS), and GIS; earth size and shape; tracing and mapping entitles on the earth; geographic data sources and collection methodologies; evaluating the quality of the data sources; representing geographic data in the GIS; loading and managing geographic data in the GIS; analyzing geographic data, solving geographic related problems using GIS, mapping the results of that analysis using GIS, and publishing the results of the analysis on the web. Program credit cannot be given for both GGE 3423 and GGE 2423.

Measurements, processing, and analysis in densification surveys. Control surveys for photogrammetry and construction. Introduction to mining and tunnelling surveys, deformation measurements and analysis, and industrial metrology. Related issues of occupational health and safety and their management. 

Terrestrial, celestial and orbital coordinate systems; coordinate transformations; positioning in 3 dimensions, on the ellipsoid and on a conformal mapping plane. Height systems. Temporality of geodetic parameters. Earth observation systems.

Photogrammetric principles, systems and products. Geometry of vertical, tilted and stereoscopic aerial photographs. Fundamental photo and model space coordinate systems. Photogrammetric measurement and refinement. Direct and inverse coordinate transformations. Collinearity and coplanarity conditions. Interior, exterior, relative and absolute orientations. Concepts of aero-triangulation. Principles of analytical and digital rectification, DEM generation and orthorectification. Flight project planning. Principles and characteristics of airborne LiDAR systems. Introduction to remotely-piloted airborne systems.

Mapping concepts and Geographic Data Management and Analysis: (a)Mapping concepts: colour and visual perception, map symbols, cartographic generalization and multiple representation, map projections and spatial reference systems, representation of the terrain (DEM/DTM), map design and interactive visualization; (b) Geographic Data Management and Analysis: database design theory, conceptual models (entity relationship model, UML), logical models (relational, object and object relational model), physical models, spatial index structures, algorithms for analysis of geographic data, introduction to XML and XML-based languages for GIS, geographic data integration and sharing (GI standards). 

Introduction to modern issues in land tenure and administration from Canadian and international perspectives. Includes boundary disputes and uncertainties, aboriginal rights, land information management, reform of cadastral systems, coastal zone management, law of the sea, and delimitation of maritime boundaries.

A full year course (fall term then winter term) involving the design and implementation of a geomatics activity or project and a reporting on the results or outcome, all under the direct supervision of a faculty member or equivalent in industry. Lecture topics include: engineering economics and business management issues specific to geomatics; financial decision making in geomatics. Must be done in the student’s final year of the programme.

Descriptive and theoretical introduction to physical oceanography, focusing on the coastal zone and the continental shelf. Components of physical oceanography that affect the accuracy and operational conduct of hydrographic surveying. Detailed studies of the controls on sound speed structure (seawater properties, propagation and refraction). Detailed studies of the controls on surface water level (tides, waves and swell, vertical reference surfaces). Constituent extraction from tidal observations and prediction of tides. Discrete and continuous tidal zoning, including an introduction to coastal hydrodynamic models. 

Descriptive marine geology including all ocean depths, but focusing on the coastal zone and continental shelf. Components of surficial sedimentology that affect the accuracy and operational conduct of hydrographic surveying. Detailed studies of the controls on seafloor processes (deposition and erosion) and bottom backscatter strength (sonar performance, geomorphology, sediment classification). Descriptive and introductory-theoretical marine geophysics including single-channel, 2D multi-channel and 3D multi channel reflection seismic surveying. Marine refraction seismology. 

Measurements, processing, and analysis in densification surveys. Control surveys for photogrammetry and construction. Introduction to mining and tunnelling surveys, deformation measurements, and analysis, and industrial metrology. Related issues of occupational health and safety and their management.

Performance requirements, mathematical models, observation methods, processing strategies, uncertainties and other characteristics associated with moving marine, land airborne, and space vehicle positioning, orientation and attitude applications, using autonomous, terrestrial, satellite, and acoustic methods. 

Hilbert space techniques; sequential techniques; digital filtering; interpolation and approximation; large system techniques.

Review of Potential Theory. Theory of Earth’s gravity field. Space, airborne and terrestrial observational methods. Gravity field parameter transformations. Temporal variations. Applications (e.g., gravimetry, geoid determination, heights, mass transfer) Mathematical models, observational methods, and uncertainties associated with absolute, relative and moving-base gravimetry, and gravity networks.

Review of coordinate systems. Orbital dynamics. GPS for high precision positioning and navigation. Major practical lab in GPS positioning.. 

Image data formats; software code for input and output images; writing, compiling and running software code; advanced image processing and computer vision algorithms and software programming; includes advanced edge detection, mathematical morphology, image segmentation, texture, skeletonization, image restoration, wavelets, image matching, fuzzy logic.

An introduction to the concept and basic theory of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Wavelet Transformation (WT), and Fuzzy Logic (FL); literature review of remote sensing applications or other applications which used one the three modern technologies; and seminar presentations on the applications and techniques learned from literature.

Programming skills required in the geospatial industry. Development of standalone programs, use of geospatial libraries, and extension of the functionality of geomatics software systems.

This course focuses on both the theoretical and practical issues related to the development of geographic databases and the extraction of knowledge from geographic data collections. Special attention will be given to recent technological developments and research directions. A series of Lab Sessions will run in parallel, using commercial and open source s/w tools, such as PostgreSQL/PostGIS DBMS, Oracle Spatial DBMS, MongoDB, Protégé, Quantum GIS s/w, WEKA Data Mining s/w, and other prototype s/w packages.

This course focuses on both the theoretical and practical issues related to the dissemination of mappling/geographic content on the web and the development of map mashups and geospatial web services. Students will learn how to design and implement web mapping applications and geospatial web services using free software tools.

Offers an overview of key techniques and technologies in big data analytics, and how data science is different from related fields. Through a combination of lectures and hands on exercises using R, MongoDB, and D3 visualization tools, students will learn to explore, clean, refine, analyze and visualize geospatial, streaming, unstructured and structured types of big data.

Focuses on teaching the principles, methods and tools of descriptive analytics (mapping what is moving), diagnostic analytics (mapping why something is moving), predictive analytics (mapping what will move), and prescriptive analytics (mapping how we can make it move). Explores real-world case studies through lectures and hands on exercises to allow students to replicate the analytics when facing similar data.

Review of common and statute law affecting property, boundaries, and surveys. Role of a land surveyor in resolving boundary disputes and as an expert witness. Various types of legal surveys. Professional responsibilities, ethics. Case studies. 

Introduction to urban and site planning and related environmental management issues. The evolution of cities, community planning and municipal administration, principles of land use, and the administration and enforcement of planning regulations. In the context of geomatics: site analysis and the physical, social, and environmental impacts of development on a site and its surroundings. The economics of land development.

Restricted to students in their final year.

Directed study in an approved topic in geomatics. Supervision by a faculty member. Normally done in a student’s final term. Credit will be given for only one of GGE 5901, GGE 5902, or GGE 5903. 

Directed study in an approved topic in geomatics. Supervision by a faculty member. Normally done in a student’s final term. Credit will be given for only one of GGE 5901, GGE 5902, or GGE 5903.

Directed study in an approved topic in geomatics. Supervision by a faculty member. Normally done in a student’s final term. Credit will be given for only one of GGE 5901, GGE 5902, or GGE 5903.